ArticleBMC gastroenterology2026
Clinical characteristics, etiology, and outcomes of acute pancreatitis at a tertiary referral center in Latvia: a retrospective cohort study.
Article in BMC gastroenterology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundAcute pancreatitis is a common cause of gastrointestinal hospitalization, but detailed clinical cohort data from the Baltic region are limited. We aimed to characterize the clinical features, etiologies, comorbidities, and in-hospital outcomes of acute pancreatitis at a tertiary-center in Latvia.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective single-center cohort study of adults hospitalized with acute pancreatitis between 2020 and 2024, including only the index admission for each patient. Cases were identified using ICD-10 codes and confirmed according to the Revised Atlanta Classification. Demographic characteristics, etiologic factors, comorbidities, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with in-hospital complications.
resultsA total of 1,047 patients were included; the median age was 50 years (interquartile range, IQR 39-64.5), and 62.0% were male. Alcohol-related pancreatitis was the most common etiology (37.0%), followed by gallstone pancreatitis (24.7%). Overall, 215 patients (20.5%) developed at least one in-hospital complication. In multivariable analysis, alcohol-related pancreatitis (Odds ratio, OR 2.63, 95% Confidence interval, CI 1.59-4.36) and other etiologies (OR 2.89, 95% CI 1.79-4.65) were associated with higher odds of complications than gallstone pancreatitis. Diabetes mellitus (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.10-2.56) and heart failure (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.01-2.86) were also associated with increased risk. Median length of hospital stay was 6 days (IQR 4-9), intensive care unit admission occurred in 1.4% of patients, and in-hospital mortality was 5.3%.
conclusionsIn this tertiary-center cohort, alcohol-related pancreatitis predominated and was associated with higher odds of the composite in-hospital complication endpoint than gallstone pancreatitis. These findings suggest a region-specific etiologic pattern and indicate that alcohol-related disease may contribute substantially to the acute pancreatitis case burden and adverse in-hospital outcomes in this setting.
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