ArticleBMC geriatrics2026
Holistic well-being of older adults as a multidimensional system based on life experiences in the context of urban Indonesia.
Article in BMC geriatrics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveThe framework for healthy aging is still largely normative and developed in the context of high-income countries, thus failing to capture the life experiences of older adults in middle- and low-income countries. This study aims to explore the meaning of holistic well-being in Makassar City, shaped in accordance with the local urban context of Indonesia.
methodThis study used a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews of 45 participants consisting of older adults and older adult cadres selected using purposive sampling in 15 sub-districts in Makassar City. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with MAXQDA 2024 software.
resultsThis study identified a hierarchical model of holistic well-being comprising eight dimensions organized into four functional layers: Enabling Conditions (Functional Physical Well-Being, Financial Security), Engagement Pathways (Social Participation, Productive Engagement, Lifelong Learning Engagement), Mediating Core (Spiritual Life Orientation, Family-Centered Happiness, Social Embeddedness), Subjective Outcome (Psychological Serenity and Emotional Regulation).
conclusionThis study offers an empirically grounded, contextually situated understanding of well-being among older adults in an urban Indonesian setting, extending existing frameworks by foregrounding lived experience and relational interdependence.
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