ArticleSleep2026
Nighttime light exposure is associated with metabolic dysfunction in schizophrenia: a cross-sectional analysis of the LENS study.
Article in Sleep, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
STUDY
objectivesAccumulating evidences have investigated the impact of nighttime light exposure on metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia, in the general population. However, no study has investigated this effect in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between nighttime light exposure and metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study including 222 outpatients with schizophrenia enrolled in the Light Exposure and Neurobiology in Schizophrenia study. Nighttime light exposure was objectively evaluated using a wrist-worn actigraph and a bedside photometer over seven consecutive days. Physical examinations and blood sampling were performed at the clinic.
resultsAfter adjusting for potential confounding factors, multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that the participants with the highest quartile of nighttime illuminance measured using actigraphy had significantly higher odds ratios (OR) for obesity (OR, 4.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.69-9.53), hypertension (OR, 3.38; 95% CI, 1.40-8.18), and dyslipidemia (OR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.01-5.74) than those with the lowest quartile. No significant association was observed between nighttime illuminance and OR for diabetes. However, increased nighttime illuminance was significantly associated with higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels. A significant association was observed between nighttime illuminance measured using the bedside photometer and OR for hypertension.
conclusionsWe found a significant association between nighttime light exposure and metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify this association. Statement of Significance According to recent large cohort studies involving the general population, nighttime light exposure is associated with metabolic dysfunction, including obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia; however, this effect remains uninvestigated in patients with schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between nighttime light exposure and metabolic dysfunction in patients with schizophrenia. Results showed that increased nighttime light exposure was significantly associated with higher odds ratios for obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in such patients. Additionally, increased nighttime illuminance was significantly associated with higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels. Further longitudinal research is warranted to explore the nature of this observation.
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