Trial reportEuropean journal of nutrition2026
Polyphenols increase circulating lipids but improve LDL particle quality and reduce LDL oxidation in postmenopausal women: metabotype- and age-dependent effects in a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial.
Trial report in European journal of nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeMenopause increases cardiometabolic risk via dyslipidaemia, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation. Polyphenols may modulate these processes, but human evidence is inconsistent. We investigated the effects of polyphenol supplementation on lipid profile, LDL oxidation, and polyphenol-related gut microbiota metabotypes in postmenopausal women.
methodsIn the PolyPAUSE randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, 90 mildly hypercholesterolemic, non-medicated postmenopausal women received a daily polyphenol mixture providing ellagitannins+ellagic acid (312.0 ± 30.9 mg), resveratrol (133.2 ± 10.1 mg), and isoflavones (166.3 ± 27.3 mg) for 8 weeks, followed by a 4-week washout and an 8-week placebo period. Serobiochemical and bone-related markers were analysed at hospital laboratories. Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), oxidised LDL (oxLDL), and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) were measured by ELISA, and myeloperoxidase activity by spectrophotometry. Gut microbiota metabotypes were classified as urolithin A/B (UMA/UMB), equol producers/non‑producers (EP/ENP), and lunularin producers/non‑producers (LP/LNP) using UPLC‑ESI‑QTOF‑MS.
resultsPolyphenol supplementation did not affect LBP or bone markers. Total cholesterol (Tchol), LDL-cholesterol (LDLc), and triglycerides (TGs) increased by 7%, 9.5%, and 16%, respectively (p < 0.001) in ~ 80% of completers (n = 78), with age‑related increases. ApoB showed a borderline reduction (p = 0.056), and oxLDL decreased (p < 0.001). Ratios indicating LDL particle quality and oxidative burden (LDLc/ApoB, oxLDL/LDLc, oxLDL/ApoB) improved (p < 0.001) despite higher circulating lipid concentrations. Myeloperoxidase activity showed marginal decreases in the full cohort (p = 0.08) and in LNP (p = 0.06). Metabotyping showed that the strongest oxLDL reduction occurred in EP (65%, p < 0.001) and the UMA + EP+LNP cluster (60%, p < 0.001).
conclusionPolyphenol supplementation increased Tchol, LDLc, and TGs age-dependently, yet improved LDL oxidative quality. The extent of oxLDL reduction depended on metabotypes, supporting precision health approaches to better characterise cardiometabolic responses to polyphenol intake in postmenopausal women.
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