ArticleEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Effects of rifle carriage on performance, physiological responses, power output and external work in a simulated biathlon competition.
Article in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeTo investigate the effect of rifle carriage on performance, physiological responses, power output and external work during a simulated biathlon competition in the field.
methodsTwenty well-trained biathletes (10 women) completed a simulated biathlon competition (women 3 × 1.9 km, men 3 × 2.4 km) twice, one trial while carrying the rifle (WR) and the other without rifle (NR) in a randomized counter-balanced order. Laps were separated by two simulated shootings, lasting 38.9 ± 8.2 s. Trials were separated by 30-min of active recovery. Heart rate and respiratory variables were measured throughout each trial. Furthermore, blood lactate concentration and ratings of perceived exertion were assessed after each lap. Power output and external work were estimated for both trials based on positional data.
resultsOverall roller-skiing speed was lower WR than NR (5.49 ± 0.47 vs. 5.69 ± 0.49 m∙s
conclusionSince elevated physiological markers may negatively impact standing shooting performance, biathletes should optimize their pacing strategies to maximize overall performance. In addition, rifle carriage increases external work through a lengthened skiing duration, which should be considered when planning and performing biathlon training.
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