Trial reportEuropean journal of applied physiology2026
Neck cooling, with or without menthol mouth rinse, improves repeated-shuttle sprint performance and perceived thermal strain in hijab-wearing female futsal players in hot-dry indoor conditions.
Trial report in European journal of applied physiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
purposeFemale athletes wearing a sports hijab may experience greater heat strain during high-intensity intermittent exercise. This study examined the effects of menthol mouth rinse (MEN), neck cooling (NEC), and their combination (NEC + MEN) on repeated-shuttle sprint performance, physiological responses, and perceptual outcomes in hijab-wearing female futsal players exercising in hot-dry indoor conditions.
methodsTwenty-five female players completed four randomized crossover trials conducted in a hot-dry environment (34 ± 1 °C, 20-30% RH; WBGT ≈ 31 °C). Each trial involved a 10 × 30-m out-and-back repeated-sprint test every 30 s. Outcomes were mean/best sprint time, fatigue index, whole-body thermal sensation/comfort, RPE, and post-test HR, sweat loss, and pre-trial rectal temperature.
resultsMean sprint time was faster in NEC and MEN + NEC than PLA (p < 0.001 for both) and modestly faster in MEN than PLA (p = 0.045). Best sprint time was faster in NEC and MEN + NEC than PLA (p < 0.001), whereas MEN did not differ from PLA (p = 1.000). Fatigue index was lower in MEN, NEC, and MEN + NEC than PLA (all p ≤ 0.002). Post-RSA heart rate and rectal temperature did not differ between conditions (p ≥ 0.553). Sweat loss was lower in MEN + NEC and NEC than PLA (p ≤ 0.049). Thermal sensation/comfort and RPE increased over time (p < 0.001) but were lower in NEC and MEN + NEC than PLA (condition effects, p < 0.01).
conclusionsNeck cooling enhances repeated-shuttle sprint performance and reduces perceived thermal strain in hijab-wearing female futsal players in hot-dry indoor heat. Menthol provides smaller performance benefits, and MEN + NEC is broadly comparable to NEC alone for primary performance outcomes.
trial registrationIRCT87477.
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