ArticleEuropean spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society2026
Establishing a standardized biomechanical model for osteoporotic pincer (OF4) Fracture creation in human cadaveric spines: a novel experimental technique.
Article in European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundOsteoporotic pincer-type fractures (OF4) represent a distinct and challenging fracture subtype, yet the absence of reproducible experimental models limits scientific opportunities for biomechanical research and the development of tailored treatments. This study describes and validates a standardized method to generate OF4 pincer fractures in human cadaveric spines.
methodsTwelve osteoporotic bisegmental thoracolumbar specimens underwent controlled fracture induction using a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Radiological assessment confirmed fracture morphology consistent with OF4 pincer-type fractures.
resultsOF4 fractures were successfully induced in eight specimens (mean age 73.5 ± 7.5 years; mean BMD 68.4 ± 7.2 mg/cm³). Four specimens were excluded due to fracture patterns inconsistent with OF4 pincer-type morphology (instability, scoliosis, asymmetrical collapse, or comminution). Biomechanical testing revealed significant increases in range of motion post-fracture in flexion/extension (+ 9.6° ± 2.4°, p < 0.001), lateral bending (+ 16.2° ± 7.8°, p < 0.001), and axial rotation (+ 6.0° ± 4.3°, p = 0.01). Central vertebral body height loss reached 55% (p < 0.001), reflecting hallmark characteristics of clinical OF4 pincer fractures.
conclusionThis protocol offers a reproducible and biomechanically validated model of osteoporotic OF4 pincer fractures. It presents a model that can potentially be used for biomechanical evaluation of surgical interventions and the development of novel techniques.
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