Neurodegenerative diseases and environmental risk factors: an overview of the available scientific evidence.

Giuseppe Stipa, Carlo Colosimo, Nicola Vanacore

Abstract readReview

In one paragraph

Review in Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Giuseppe StipaClinical Neurophysiology Division, Neuroscience Department, S. Maria University Hospital, Terni, Italy. g.stipa@aospterni.it.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9474-9618

Carlo ColosimoDivision of Neurology, 'F. Miulli' Regional Hospital, LUM University, Acquaviva Delle Fonti, Bari, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2216-3973

Nicola VanacoreNational Center for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, National Institute of Health (ISS), Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2817-3758

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are among the most well-known and prevalent neurodegenerative disorders. These diseases result from an interaction between the environment and genetically predisposed individuals. This review examines the evidence available in the literature underlying this multifaceted interaction, focusing on various chemical substances such as metals, fertilizers, and herbicides, as well as toxic agents of microbiological origin, including cyanobacteria and their neurotoxins. In addition, the pathways through which toxic substances can enter the human body are discussed, such as air and water, which may lead to absorption through the lungs, the gastrointestinal tract, the skin, and mucosae. The routes by which neurotoxic substances gain access to the human body may help explain the increased risk of developing neurodegenerative diseases observed in sports played on soil and grass surfaces, such as soccer, American football, and golf.

Indexed as

Air pollutionEnvironmental exposureNeurodegenerative diseasesRaw waterSport

Identifiers

PMID42371053

DOI10.1034/j.1600-0404.2002.1o040.x

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.