Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42370984›Full record

ArticleAttention, perception & psychophysics2026

Properties of the threshold stimulus exposure duration (TSED) measure of visual search efficiency.

Xianjin Zhao, Jeremy Wolfe, Zhi Li

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Article in Attention, perception & psychophysics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Xianjin ZhaoDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
Jeremy WolfeVisual Attention Lab, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02135, USA.
Zhi LiDepartment of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu Hang Tang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China. zli1@zju.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7230-9379

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China 32071043
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Using a threshold stimulus exposure duration (TSED) method, rather than the usual response time methods, a recent study showed evidence for a two-stage visual selection process in visual search. The resulting TSED function was bilinear. In the present study, we investigated whether this bilinear pattern reflects general property of TSED functions or if it was just an artifact of specific methodological choices. Experiment 1 refined the staircase procedure of the TSED method to separate the effect of target-present and target-absent trials. Experiments 2 and 3 replaced the target-present/target-absent task with two-alternative forced-choice tasks. Results repeatedly showed a bilinear pattern in the TSED function across paradigms, with a distinct kink point separating a shallower slope at lower set sizes from a steeper slope at larger set sizes. The findings provide convincing evidence that bilinear pattern in TSED functions is generalizable property rather than a task-specific artifact. A modified Guided Search "carwash" can explain how visual search can produce bilinear TSED functions and linear RT × Set Size functions.

Indexed as

AttentionPattern Recognition, VisualReaction TimeSensory ThresholdsChoice BehaviorHumansGuided search modelHigh-efficiency search periodSerial-parallel processingVisual attentionVisual search

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.