ArticleBioprocess and biosystems engineering2026
Integrated cellulase continuous production and downstream processing using a packed-bed bioreactor for solid-state fermentation by thermophilic fungus.
Article in Bioprocess and biosystems engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
In situ cellulase production is a key strategy to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and robustness of second-generation bioethanol processes. However, limitations related to heat transfer, bioreactor operation, and downstream processing still hinder large-scale implementation of solid-state fermentation (SSF) for enzymes production. This study systematically evaluated the integrated production, extraction, recovery and stabilization of endoglucanase from the cultivation of Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b in a multilayer packed-bed bioreactor operated under batch and continuous modes, using sugarcane bagasse and wheat bran (7:3 w/w) as substrate. Fermentations were carried at 45 °C for 96 h, and the enzymatic extracts were characterized as a function of pH and temperature, as well as subjected to concentration by ammonium sulfate and ethanol precipitation. Maximum enzymatic activity was achieved at 60 °C and pH 4.0, confirming a thermoacidophilic profile suitable for industrial applications. Ammonium sulfate precipitation outperformed ethanol, achieving 78.7% of recovering of total units of enzymatic activity from the raw extract and an activity of 156 U·g.d.s⁻¹ (enzyme units per gram of dry substrate), whereas ethanol resulted in significant activity losses under the evaluated conditions. Within the bioreactor, maximum temperatures reached 48.2 °C (batch) and 48.9 °C (continuous), indicating effective mitigation of overheating. Increasing percolation water flow rate significantly enhanced enzyme recovery, highlighting mass transfer as a key limiting factor in downstream performance. Similar average activities were obtained for batch (95.63 ± 28.37 U·g.d.s⁻¹) and continuous operation (96.36 ± 4.63 U·g.d.s⁻¹), while continuous mode reduced variability among modules, indicating improved spatial homogeneity. Overall, process integration combining thermal control, percolation-based extraction, and downstream processing enhances robustness and industrial applicability of SSF-based cellulase production.
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