ReviewInternational urogynecology journal2026
Sacral Neuromodulation Test-Phase Success in Bladder Pain Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Review in International urogynecology journal, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
introduction and hypothesisProgression from sacral neuromodulation (SNM) test stimulation (stage 1) to permanent implantation (stage 2) is a key decision in refractory interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), but conversion rates and comparisons between percutaneous nerve evaluation (PNE) and staged tined-lead testing remain inconsistent. The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to estimate stage 1-to -stage 2 SNM conversion in adults with refractory IC/BPS.
methodsWe registered the protocol with Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD420261286234) and conducted a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-guided MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science review. Eligible studies included adult IC/BPS cohorts undergoing SNM test stimulation by PNE or staged tined quadripolar lead trials. Random-effects meta-analysis of proportions was performed, with subgroup analysis by test strategy and exploratory meta-regression by data source in staged studies.
resultsSeventeen studies contributed 24 cohorts (11 PNE-only, 11 staged-only, 2 mixed). Across 1087 test-phase patients, pooled conversion was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI] 55-72; I
conclusionsApproximately two-thirds of patients with refractory IC/BPS progressed from SNM test stimulation to permanent implantation. Staged tined-lead cohorts showed higher conversion than historical conventional PNE cohorts. Standardized success criteria and prospective, phenotype- and sex-stratified studies are needed to optimize trial strategy selection.
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Registered trials
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