Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42370187›Full record

ArticleTheranostics2026

Self-synergizing mutual prodrug liposomes for targeted cancer therapy

Nuri Kim, Ilseob Kim, Hanui Jo, Nanhee Song, Sangmin Jo, Suyeon Lee, Hoechang Kim, Changjin Lim, Dongwon Lee

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Theranostics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Nuri KimDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Ilseob KimDepartment of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Hanui JoDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Nanhee SongDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Sangmin JoDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Suyeon LeeDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Hoechang KimDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Changjin LimDepartment of Pharmacy, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
Dongwon LeeDepartment of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Rationale: Combination chemotherapy often suffers from poor pharmacokinetics, asynchronous drug delivery, and limited synergism. We anticipated that combining all- Method: We designed proxiRQ, a mutual prodrug in which atRA and a QM precursor are linked Results: tL-proxiRQ, featuring a high drug loading capacity (37 mol%) and colloidal stability, synchronously released atRA and QM upon esterase activation in tumor cells. QM-mediated glutathione (GSH) depletion amplified atRA-induced oxidative stress, thereby enhancing Pin1 expression inhibition. Compared to the free drug combination, tL-proxiRQ demonstrated significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, greater downregulation of Pin1, and enhanced apoptosis induction. Conclusion: This study validates proxiRQ as a self-synergizing mutual prodrug and introduces tL-proxiRQ as a rationally engineered nanoplatform that integrates mutual prodrug chemistry, synergistic redox modulation, and targeted liposomal delivery to overcome the key limitations of conventional combination therapy.

Indexed as

Antineoplastic AgentsLiposomesNeoplasmsProdrugsAnimalsCell Line, TumorDrug SynergismFemaleHumansMiceMice, NudeOxidation-ReductionReactive Oxygen SpeciesTretinoinXenograft Model Antitumor AssaysAntineoplastic AgentsLiposomesProdrugsReactive Oxygen SpeciesTretinoinall-trans retinoic acidcancerliposomePin1prodrugredox homeostasis

Identifiers

PMID42370187
PMCPMC13295116

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.