ArticlePreventive medicine reports2026
Characteristics of cannabis warnings in the United States: A content analysis.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Objectives: The goal of this study was to describe characteristics of warnings from state cannabis programs in the United States. Methods: From September 2024 to February 2025, we compiled regulations related to cannabis warnings on product packages in states with legalized cannabis sales (medical and adult-use), verifying regulations with regulators from each state. Two coders independently coded warning regulations for different characteristics. Results: We identified 60 state cannabis programs across the United States with legalized cannabis sales, of which 56 (93%) required cannabis warnings. Of the programs requiring warnings, 55% included warning content about a specific health risk, most often addiction (41%). Few programs had warnings about cannabis' effects on mental health (16%), respiratory health (5%), or cardiovascular health (4%). Few programs required warnings to contrast with backgrounds (23%), rotating warnings (7%), or front-of-package warnings (4%). The mean number of words in warnings was 57 (Standard Deviation: 30), and the mean reading level was 9th grade. Conclusions: Although 93% of cannabis programs with legalized sales require warnings, only half mention specific health risks; less than 10% require rotating or front-of-package warnings; and warnings may be difficult to read and understand. Further research is vital to strengthen cannabis warning labels.
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Registered trials
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