Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42369326›Full record

ArticlePsychiatry research communications2026

A psychometric assessment of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for people living with acutely-treated HIV in Thailand.

Tyler Hamby, Suteera Pinyakorn, Seth Frndak, Nitiya Chomchey, Ratchapong Kanaprach, Phillip Chan, Glenna Schluck, Eugène Kroon, Duanghathai Suttichom, Luxe-Naree Poonpitak and 7 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Psychiatry research communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Tyler HambyU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0523-8769
Suteera PinyakornU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3880-4381
Seth FrndakU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2049-2204
Nitiya ChomcheySEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-0539-4542
Ratchapong KanaprachSEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.
Phillip ChanDepartment of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-4071-4409
Glenna SchluckU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5311-9636
Eugène KroonSEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.
Duanghathai SuttichomSEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.
Luxe-Naree PoonpitakSEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.
Somchai SriplienchanSEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.
Serena SpudichDepartment of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
Nittaya PhanuphakInstitute of HIV Research and Innovation, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-0036-3165
Lydie TrautmannU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3012-0009
Robert PaulMissouri Institute of Mental Health, University of Missouri - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
Carlo SacdalanSEARCH Research Foundation, Bangkok, Thailand.ORCID 0000-0002-5839-4837
Trevor A CrowellU.S. Military HIV Research Program, CIDR, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-5947-265X

Funding

Understanding Pandemic Evolution through Networked Data (UPEND)RF1MH133442 · NIMH · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI CROWELL, TREVOR ADAM · 2023 to 2023
$3.8M
NIMH NIH HHS RF1 MH133442
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) is a commonly used depression inventory, but its psychometric properties have not been thoroughly examined in either people living with HIV (PLWH) or in developing nations. We examined the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9 in PLWH in Thailand. Methods: The RV254/SEARCH010 cohort enrolls adults with acute HIV in Bangkok, Thailand. Most study participants initiate antiretroviral therapy (ART) at enrollment. We analyzed responses to the PHQ-9 at weeks 0 (enrollment), 4, and 24. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to compare a 1-factor model, three 2-factor models, and a bi-factor model. Longitudinal measurement invariance (LMI) was assessed for the 1-factor, optimal 2-factor, and bi-factor models. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were calculated. Correlations between factors and item response theory (IRT) were used to further examine performance. Results: There were 734 (97.8 % male) participants with a median (Q1-Q3) age of 27 (23-32) years. CFA confirmed that the bi-factor model had the best fit. Regardless, LMI was confirmed for the 1-, 2-, and bi-factor models. The PHQ-9 was reliable (coefficient alpha = 0.86-0.89; test-retest reliability, Conclusions: These results support the use of the PHQ-9 in Thai PLWH. Despite the superior fit indices of the bi-factor model, the subfactors were strongly correlated with the general factor, so we recommend that the 1-factor model be used in practice. The evidence for LMI support use of the PHQ-9 in longitudinal research involving Thai PLWH.

Indexed as

DepressionFactor analysisItem response theory (IRT)Longitudinal measurement invariancePsychometric propertiesReliability analysis

Identifiers

PMID42369326
PMCPMC13308563

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.