ArticleFrontiers in medicine2026
Association of a self-efficacy theory-driven doula program combined with stage-focused nursing with delivery outcomes: a retrospective study.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Objective: This retrospective observational study evaluated the association between a doula delivery program based on self-efficacy theory combined with stage-focused nursing and delivery outcomes (postpartum hemorrhage, perineal tears, and neonatal Apgar scores), labor duration, and labor pain. Secondary objectives included assessing associations with fear of childbirth, psychological state, resilience, childbirth self-efficacy, self-control, and childbirth experience. Methods: This retrospective study analyzed clinical data from 98 parturients who underwent vaginal delivery at the hospital between January 2021 and December 2023. Parturients were divided into a comparison group ( Results: The study group had a significantly shorter total labor duration (562.76 ± 34.85 vs. 608.59 ± 41.74 min, Conclusion: In this retrospective study, the self-efficacy theory-based doula program combined with stage-focused nursing was associated with improved delivery outcomes, reduced pain, and enhanced psychological wellbeing. However, due to the observational design and potential selection bias, causal inferences cannot be drawn. These observed associations need to be confirmed through prospective randomized controlled trials.
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