ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Feminizing hormone therapy using GnRH agonists as antiandrogens is not associated with adverse metabolic and bone effects in adult transgender women.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) effectively alleviates gender dysphoria. However, its effect on metabolic and bone health is not well-established. The goal of this retrospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the effects of standardized feminizing GAHT using GnRH agonists and estrogens on metabolic and bone parameters in assigned male at birth (AMAB) individuals. Methods: Clinical and biochemical data of 40 AMAB individuals were collected at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months of GAHT. A Dual X-ray absorptiometry to assess bone mineral density (BMD) and body composition was done at 12 months on GAHT. Primary outcomes included changes in BMI and body composition indexes. Potential predictors such as age and BMI at baseline, estradiol (E2) route, delta E2 rise, as well as the obtention of plasma E2 concentrations target (> 300 pmol/L), were explored. Results: Body mass index, fat mass index and visceral adipose tissue did not change ( Conclusions: Despite prior concerns, GAHT did not adversely affect surrogate markers of cardiovascular and bone health.
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