ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Associations of IGF-1, vitamin D, and bone minerals with short stature in children aged 24-59 months.
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Child growth results from the interaction of genetic, endocrine, nutritional, and environmental factors. Short stature is defined as a height-for-age Z-score below -2 standard deviations, according to the WHO Child Growth Standards 2006. Linear bone growth occurs through endochondral ossification, which is influenced by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), 25-hydroxyvitamin D [vitamin 25(OH) D], calcium (Ca), phosphorus (Ph), and magnesium (Mg). This study compared these biomarkers across growth phenotypes and examined their associations with short stature in children aged 24-59 months. Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study used registry data and stored biological specimens (SBS) from 225 children aged 24-59 months residing in Bandung District, Indonesia (84 underweight children with short stature, 70 normal-weight children with short stature, and 71 children with normal weight and stature), collected between May and August 2021. SBS were preserved at -80 °C. Appropriate statistical tests, Results: Significant differences in IGF-1, 25(OH)D, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium were observed across groups (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: Lower levels of IGF-1, calcium, phosphorus, and magnesium are associated with short stature in children aged 24-59 months, predominantly among those with concurrent undernutrition. In contrast, these associations were not evident in children with normal-weight short stature, underscoring the heterogeneous nature of short stature.
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