ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Awareness and implementation of the time-out procedure among surgical teams: current status and influencing factors.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: In China, the Time-out procedure has been officially promoted and required for clinical use since 2010. Nevertheless, the overall cognition and practical compliance of surgical staff still need to be improved, and relevant influencing factors have not been fully clarified. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the current status of cognition and implementation of the Time-out procedure among surgical team members, and further analyze its related influencing factors. Methods: A structured questionnaire comprising three sections was administered: a general demographic survey, a self-developed instrument to assess awareness and implementation of the time-out procedure, and an operating room safety culture scale. The self-developed questionnaire underwent expert review and a preliminary validation study (Cronbach's Primary and secondary evaluation indicators: Results: The score of the Time-out Procedure Knowledge Test was 3.80 ± 0.90, total cognitive score of the Time-out procedure was 72.95 ± 14.82. Occupation, participation in Time-out team training, and operating room safety culture were the main factors affecting the perception of the Time-out procedure ( Conclusion: The results showed that surgical team members had moderate cognition regarding the Time-out procedure, yet their execution scores and implementation levels were comparatively low. This study also distinguished different influencing factors for cognition and implementation. Subsequent research could adopt stratified random sampling and carry out multi-center studies, together with objective observation to minimize self-report bias and improve the generalizability of research findings.
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