The relationship between workplace violence and turnover intention among psychiatric nurses: the mediating roles of ward atmosphere and social distance.

Background: Psychiatric nurses face high turnover rates and increasing levels of turnover intention. Workplace violence is associated with turnover intention among psychiatric nurses. Social exchange theory suggests that ward atmosphere and social distance may play a significant role in this process. However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain unclear. Objective: To explore how workplace violence influences nurses' turnover intention through ward atmosphere and social distance, and to provide strategies for promoting nurses' wellbeing. Methods: A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,485 psychiatric nurses recruited through the Mental and Psychological Care Alliance from September to October 2024. Variables were measured using a demographic questionnaire, a turnover intention item, the Workplace Violence Scale, the Ward Atmosphere Scale, and the Social Distance Scale. Statistical analysis and model construction and validation were performed using SPSS 29.0 software. Results: Ward atmosphere was negatively correlated with turnover intention ( Conclusion: This study suggests that we should pay attention to the influencing factors of the turnover intention and take effective measures. It is imperative to mitigate the occurrence of workplace violence within the ward. Additionally, we should cultivate a positive ward atmosphere, enhance the attitudes of psychiatric nurses toward their patients, and diminish expectations of social distance. These actions may reduce nurse turnover.