ArticleFrontiers in public health2026
Anxiety and depression after pregnancy-related cerebral venous sinus thrombosis: associations with functional disability at discharge.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) during pregnancy and the puerperium is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition. While neurological and functional outcomes have been increasingly studied, the burden of anxiety and depression after CVST in pregnant and postpartum women remains poorly characterized. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of pregnant and postpartum women diagnosed with CVST at a tertiary referral center. Anxiety and depression were assessed at 3 months after CVST using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA) and the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-24). Functional outcome was evaluated using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge. Associations between functional disability and affective symptoms were examined using linear regression models treating HAMA, HAMD-24, and mRS as continuous variables, with minimal and full adjustment for clinically relevant covariates and overlapping comorbidities, stratified by perinatal phase (antepartum vs. postpartum) with a formal mRS × phase interaction test, and supported by heteroscedasticity-consistent (HC3) robust standard errors, regression diagnostics, and rank-based Spearman correlation analyses as assumption-free sensitivity analyses. Results: Among 115 eligible patients (43 antepartum-onset, 72 postpartum-onset), symptoms of anxiety and depression were common at 3 months after CVST. The mean HAMA score was 14.9 (SD 12.0), and the mean HAMD-24 score was 15.9 (SD 12.3). Moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression were observed in 43.2 and 37.8% of patients, respectively. A worse functional outcome at discharge was strongly associated with higher anxiety and depression scores. In fully adjusted models, each one-point increase in mRS was associated with an 8.4-point increase in HAMA (95% CI 7.0-9.7) and a 7.3-point increase in HAMD-24 (95% CI 5.8-8.7, both Interpretation: Anxiety and depression are highly prevalent following pregnancy- and puerperium-related CVST and are closely linked to functional disability at discharge. Early functional outcome may serve as a pragmatic marker to identify patients at high risk of affective disorders, highlighting the need for integrated neurological and mental health follow-up in this vulnerable population.
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