ArticleFrontiers in sociology2026
Animal actions and their involvement in human meaning-making processes in interaction.
Article in Frontiers in sociology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: This article examines the meaning-making processes involved in how non-human animals, particularly dogs, contribute to our understanding of the concept of "a ball-throwing exercise." Theoretically, the article aligns with and contributes to interspecies pragmatics by introducing cognitive dimensions to the field. Interspecies pragmatics is based on conversation analytic (CA) research; this article explores how CA findings on cognition can contribute to pragmatic questions on meaning-making processes in interaction. Methods: For this investigation, data were collected using GoPro action cameras attached to harnesses on three dogs, providing footage from their first-person perspective. The data, which total nearly 2 hours, were analyzed using CA methods. Results: We focus on dog-walking sessions where the dog summons the human to pick up its ball. The human arrives and either picks up the ball or leaves it on the ground to kick it later. This sequence is a pre to the exercise that occurs when the human returns the ball to the dog: the human throws or kicks the ball for the dog to catch. We identified two sequential occurrences in pre-sequences where human and non-human animal meaning-making processes intertwine: (1) the moment after the human's expected answer in the second position arrives, allowing the dog proceeds to the third position closing turn (dog runs) or directly to the main sequence (dog remains in place), and (2) the moment when the dog initiates a repair due to the lack of an expected answer by the human. Common to these occurrences is that they highlight the dog's expectations regarding the human's action in the second position of the pre-sequence. Discussion: These findings suggest that cognition is sequentially situated within the relationship between the pre-sequence and the main sequence, indicating how occurrences in the pre-sequence materialize in the main sequence. Cognition is grounded in the sequential development that facilitates the entire exercise through cooperation with the other participant.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.