ReviewDrugs in context2026
Perioperative immune-checkpoint inhibitors for muscle-invasive bladder cancer.
Review in Drugs in context, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
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0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) has a high risk of recurrence following radical cystectomy. Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy has been used for decades to lower recurrence rates but a significant proportion of patients still have disease relapse. Recently, immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have been evaluated for patients with MIBC, with some success. This has led to regulatory approval of adjuvant nivolumab, sandwich perioperative durvalumab and sandwich perioperative pembrolizumab with enfortumab vedotin. This review summarizes the history of practice-informing and practice-changing neoadjuvant, adjuvant and sandwich perioperative application of ICIs for MIBC, looks ahead to the promising developments in other ICI-based sandwich perioperative regimens, and highlights controversies surrounding overtreatment
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