ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2026
Clefts, and Craniofacial Cases: Trends in Congenital Craniofacial Exposure Among Plastic Surgery Residents Nationwide: A Review of 1902 Graduates.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Didactic Education in Plastic Surgery Residency: A National Survey Highlighting Variation in Curriculum Structure and Assessment.Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Congenital craniofacial anomalies represent a critical domain in plastic surgery training, requiring technical expertise, multidisciplinary collaboration, and exposure to specialized congenital cases. Although the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education mandates pediatric plastic surgery experience, variability in training opportunities exists across programs. Understanding how factors such as program size, training pathway, geographic region, resident demographics, and the COVID-19 pandemic impact surgical exposure is essential for ensuring equitable and comprehensive education. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case log data from graduating US plastic surgery residents between 2014/2015 and 2022/2023. All accredited integrated and independent programs were included. Variables assessed included resident gender, underrepresented minority status, training pathway, program size, geographic region, and COVID-19 era. Results: A total of 1902 residents (1043 integrated; 859 independent) were included. The overall mean case volume was 115.3 ± 52.5. Integrated residents logged significantly more cases than independent residents (122.2 ± 57.3 versus 106.8 ± 46.0, Conclusions: Exposure to congenital craniofacial surgery has remained stable nationally, even through the COVID-19 pandemic, although significant differences exist by training pathway, program size, and geography.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.