ArticleTherapeutic advances in drug safety2026
Muscle relaxant use and the associated risk of Sjögren's syndrome and dry eye disease (including keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in patients with ankylosing spondylitis: a population-based cohort study.
Article in Therapeutic advances in drug safety, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: Muscle relaxants are widely used for the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and inevitably have many adverse reactions. Individuals with AS frequently present with ocular symptoms. However, the association of muscle relaxants with the increase of dry eye or Sjogren's syndrome (SS) in AS patients remains unclear. Objectives: To investigate the association between muscle relaxant use and the risks of Sjögren's syndrome and dry eye disease (including keratoconjunctivitis sicca) in patients with AS. Design: A population-based retrospective cohort study. Methods: This population-based retrospective cohort study identified patients suffering from AS between 2007 and 2017 ( Results: After exclusion, 68,970 muscle relaxant users and 31,863 non-users were included in our study. The risks of composite outcome (hazard ratios (HR) 1.37 (1.31-1.43), aHR1.18 (1.13-1.24), and IPTW HR 1.17 (1.13-1.22)), Sjogren's syndrome (HR 1.63 (1.47-1.79), aHR 1.44 (1.30-1.59), and IPTW HR 1.45 (1.32-1.59)), Dry eye disease (including keratoconjunctivitis sicca) (HR 1.32 (1.26-1.39), aHR 1.12 (1.06-1.17), and IPTW HR 1.11 (1.06-1.16)) were all significantly higher among muscle relaxant users ( Conclusion: This study demonstrates that cumulative muscle relaxant exposure might increase the risk of dry eye or even SS at a dose-dependent manner.
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