ArticleCureus2026
A Cross-Sectional Observational Study of Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Assessed by Fibrosis Index in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Presenting to a Tertiary Care Centre in Southwestern Maharashtra.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is associated with progressive fibrosis and adverse clinical outcomes. Early identification of fibrosis using non-invasive methods is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of the Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index and compare it with ultrasound elastography in detecting liver fibrosis.
methodsA cross-sectional observational study was conducted in a tertiary care center and included 150 patients with T2DM. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory parameters were recorded. The FIB-4 score was calculated using age, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and platelet count. Liver stiffness was assessed using ultrasound elastography, and fibrosis was staged from F0 to F4. Statistical analysis included correlation and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.
resultsOut of 150 patients, 110 (73.3%) were found to have NAFLD on ultrasound. Fibrosis staging revealed that the majority of patients were in stage F2 (52.0%), followed by F3 (27.3%), F0 (13.3%), F1 (4.7%), and F4 (2.7%). The mean liver stiffness was 8.97 ± 2.50 kPa. A strong positive correlation was observed between FIB-4 score and liver stiffness (ρ = 0.804, p < 0.001). AST showed a strong positive correlation with liver stiffness (r = 0.744, p < 0.001), whereas platelet count demonstrated a moderate negative correlation (r = -0.472, p < 0.001). The diagnostic performance of FIB-4 for detecting significant fibrosis was excellent, with an area under the ROC curve of 0.951 (95% CI: 0.918-0.983).
conclusionsNAFLD and significant liver fibrosis are highly prevalent in patients with T2DM. The FIB-4 index demonstrates strong correlation with elastography and excellent diagnostic accuracy, making it a reliable, cost-effective, non-invasive screening tool for liver fibrosis.
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