ArticleCureus2026
Structure, Reliability, and Validity of the Bengali Version of the Pain Catastrophizing Scale in Musculoskeletal Chronic Pain Patients in India.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundElevated pain catastrophizing increases the severity of pain experience. The 13-item Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) can aid in managing chronic pain. Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMSP) is common among the native Bengali population in India seeking treatment. PURPOSE: This study aimed to culturally adapt and psychometrically validate the original PCS under the Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) guidelines, with a novel goal to examine the factor structure of pain catastrophizing in native Bengali CMSP patients in India and compare it with the theoretical pain appraisal model. STUDY
objectivesThe primary objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the original PCS into a Bengali version for use in India (BNGA-IND-PCS). The secondary objective was to examine the psychometric properties of BNGA-IND-PCS in patients with CMSP.
methodsThe Bengali version of the PCS for India (BNGA-IND-PCS) was created through forward and backward translation, evaluated by a committee of clinical and language experts, and pre-tested in 30 CMSP patients. The sample size was determined from a 10:1 sample-to-item ratio. A total of 253 CMSP patients (pain duration ≥ 6 months) from convenience sampling were included in the cross-sectional observational study to perform psychometric validation, comprising factor structure determination, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity (pain severity, anxiety, and depression).
resultsConfirmatory factor analysis showed that the BNGA-IND-PCS two-factor model (pain reflection and helplessness) provided the best fit with a borderline acceptable root mean square error of approximation of 0.06. Internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.921) and test-retest reliability (intra-class correlation coefficient = 0.852, 95% CI: 0.772-0.903) of total BNGA-IND-PCS scores were good to excellent and adhered to the COSMIN criteria. Total BNGA-IND-PCS scores moderately correlated with pain severity, anxiety, and depression (r = 0.406-0.549, p < 0.01).
conclusionThe PCS translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Bengali demonstrated a two-factor structure and good-to-excellent psychometric properties in a single-sample validation. Future studies with large-scale patient samples are required to test the "ecological validity" under clinical settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.