ArticleCureus2026
Self-Reported Emotional States and Psychosocial Patterns in Patients With Active Venous Leg Ulcers (CEAP C6): A Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study.
Article in Cureus, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
Introduction Chronic venous disease (CVD), particularly in the class C6 ulcerative stage, imposes a profound multidimensional burden that extends beyond hemodynamic dysfunction. While the biological basis of venous leg ulcers (VLUs) is well-characterized, the integration of psychosocial states within a psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) framework remains exploratory. This study aimed to characterize self-reported emotional trajectories and exploratory psychosocial indicators in patients with active VLUs. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Mexico with 30 patients presenting active VLUs, categorized according to the Clinical, Etiological, Anatomical, and Pathophysiological (CEAP) classification system as class C6. Participants were assessed using a structured survey to map 15 emotional states and specific psychosocial constructs across three clinical milestones: a recalled pre-morbidity baseline, the current active ulcer stage, and a hypothetical healing projection. Data were analyzed to identify descriptive patterns of psychological distress and psychosocial well-being. Results A marked descriptive shift in emotional distribution was observed across reported milestones. The transition from baseline to the active ulcer stage was characterized by a prominent surge in aggregated psychological distress from 8.8% to 55.5% (+46.7 percentage points). During active ulceration, the most frequent states were shame (90.0%), vulnerability (70.0%), sadness (66.7%), fear (60.0%), and anxiety (56.7%). High frequencies were also observed for exploratory psychosocial indicators, specifically the high-responsibility profile (86.7%,
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