ArticleFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology2026
Optimizing the osteo-immunomodulatory balance: threshold-saturation effects of BMP-2-loaded allografts in the Masquelet's induced membrane technique (MIMT).
Article in Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: The Masquelet induced membrane technique (MIMT) is an established strategy for reconstructing critical-sized bone defects (CSDs). However, the limited osteoinductivity of allografts often necessitates supplementation with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), whose supra-physiological doses may cause excessive inflammation. This study aimed to identify a BMP-2 concentration range that balances osteogenic efficacy with systemic safety in the MIMT setting. Methods: A 1.5-cm critical-sized radial defect was created in 36 New Zealand white rabbits. In Stage I, a polymethyl methacrylate spacer was implanted to induce membrane formation. In Stage II, performed 4 weeks later, the spacer was removed and the defect was filled with freeze-dried allograft standardized to the nominal defect volume, calculated by the cylindrical formula (V = πr Results: At 16 weeks, radiographic and micro-CT analyses showed that BMP-M and BMP-H achieved significantly higher bone mineral density and BV/TV than BMP-L and allograft alone (P < 0.05). Osteogenic marker expression increased dose-dependently from 0 to 10 μg mL Conclusion: Within the tested conditions, 10 μg mL
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