Trial reportPain research & management2026
Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Trial report in Pain research & management, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Effects of Diaphragmatic Breathing in Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2026Trial
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effects of diaphragmatic breathing (DB) on menstrual pain and symptoms, quality of life, stress level, and sleep quality in women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD).
methodsWomen with PD were randomly divided into two groups: the DB (n = 22) and the control groups (n = 22). DB was performed 3 days a week during 2 menstrual periods. No treatment was performed in the control group. For the primary outcome, the pain intensity with the Visual Analog Scale (VAS); for secondary outcomes, menstrual symptoms with the Menstrual Symptom Questionnaire (MSQ); quality of life with the Dysmenorrhea Impact Scale-Revised Short Form (DIS-R); stress level with the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS); and sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed pre- and postintervention.
resultsIn the postintervention period, there was a further decrease in VAS (p < 0.001), MSQ (p < 0.001), DIS-R (p = 0.003), and PSS scores (p = 0.036) in the DB group; however, no difference in the PSQI score was found (p = 0.150). Moreover, there was a further decrease in MSQ scores in the DB group than in the control group (p = 0.044).
conclusionDB may help reduce menstrual pain, symptoms, and stress and improve the quality of life in women with PD. Thus, DB can be used as a complementary method in addition to other therapies in PD management. However, due to factors such as the nonintervention control group, the use of subjective evaluation methods, and the presentation of short-term results and per-protocol analysis, the study's findings should not be generalized and should be interpreted as modest between-group effects.
trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT063212244.
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