ArticleArthritis research & therapy2026
Identification of distinct subgroups in Chinese patients with Behçet's syndrome via cluster analysis of immune cells and clinical features.
Article in Arthritis research & therapy, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study aimed to use machine learning to explore Behçet's syndrome (BS) heterogeneity by integrating immunocyte subpopulations and clinical characteristics.
methodsWe prospectively enrolled BS patients and recorded their demographic and clinical characteristics. Various peripheral immune cells were analysed using flow cytometry. Unsupervised machine learning was used to perform cluster analysis based on the clinical manifestations and immune cell subsets. Patients were followed up for one year to evaluate treatment response and remission rates. RNA sequencing was performed in patients with clustered BS and healthy controls.
resultsUnsupervised machine learning categorized 201 BS patients into four clusters with distinct clinical and immunological features. Cluster 1 showed isolated mucocutaneous lesions, low inflammation, and high remission, with transcriptomic enrichment in IFN-γ, IL-6, and JAK-STAT pathways. Cluster 2 featured arthritis, elevated inflammatory levels, and responded well to TNF-α inhibitors, with transcriptomic enrichment in TNF and B-cell activation pathways. Cluster 3 had cardiovascular involvement, reduced CLA
conclusionUnsupervised clustering of BS patients revealed four distinct subtypes with significant clinical and immunological heterogeneity, which may provide a foundation for mechanistic studies and personalized treatment.
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