ArticleJournal of animal physiology and animal nutrition2026
L-Glutamine Plus L-Glutamic Acid Enhances Antioxidant Status and Ammonia Toxicity Resilience, Upregulates Interleukin IL-10 Gene, and Improves Gut Microbiota and Survival in Juvenile Nile Tilapia.
Article in Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Glutamine (Gln) and glutamic acid (Glu) are the most abundant free amino acids (AAs) in the fish body. Although classified as non-essential AAs, their supplementation can be a strategy to optimize the growth performance and health of fish. This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary Gln and Glu blend on growth performance, biochemical parameters, gut microbiota composition, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) production, digestive enzyme activity, histomorphometry, and liver mRNA levels of glutamine synthetase (GS), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α), anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10), pro-inflammatory interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and antioxidant status of juvenile Nile tilapia. Fish (n = 216; 0.99 ± 0.01 g) were randomly allocated into eight aquariums containing 27 fish each, in a four-replicate design. Fish were hand-fed a Glu + Gln unsupplemented basal diet (CON) or a basal diet supplemented with 20 g kg
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