ArticleClinical and experimental dental research2026
Effect of Bonding Height on Force-Moment Generation in Orthodontic Fixed Lingual Retainers: An In Vitro Study.
Article in Clinical and experimental dental research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo investigate the effect of different bonding heights on force-moment generation in orthodontic fixed lingual retainers under loading in a biomechanical setup. MATERIALS AND
methodsThree commercially available lingual retainers were evaluated: two conventionally fabricated stainless-steel retainers (R1, R2) and one CAD/CAM-manufactured nickel-titanium retainer (R3). Using a biomechanical test setup, vertical forces and labiolingual moments were recorded and applied in three dimensions in response to a standardized vertical displacement of 0.3 mm. The effect of three standardized bonding heights (incisal, middle, and gingival thirds of the clinical crown) was assessed.
resultsBoth forces and moments increased with vertical loading. Statistically significant differences were observed among retainer materials, whereas bonding height did not significantly affect the outcomes. At 0.3 mm vertical displacement, the lowest force and moment were recorded for R1 bonded incisally (0.59 ± 0.37 N; 3.48 ± 0.37 Nmm), and the highest for R3 at mid-crown bonding height (1.40 ± 0.13 N; 8.70 ± 1.19 Nmm).
conclusionsRetainer type was found to have a greater influence on force and moment development than bonding height. Multistranded stainless-steel retainers may be more susceptible to deformation under occlusal loading. Further studies are required to determine the clinical relevance of bonding height in fixed lingual retainers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.