ArticleVeterinary medicine and science2026
Betaine Promotes Milk Protein Synthesis via Alleviating Oxidative Stress Caused by NEFA in Mammary Epithelial Cells of Dairy Cows.
Article in Veterinary medicine and science, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Rumen-host crosstalk: an amplifier of systemic pathology in heat-stressed ruminants.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundFatty liver is highly prevalent in dairy cows and poses a significant challenge to the dairy industry by reducing both milk yield and quality, thereby inflicting substantial economic losses. Although dietary betaine supplementation has been demonstrated to enhance milk protein content, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated.
objectivesThis study aimed to elucidate the role of betaine in milk protein synthesis and the underlying mechanisms.
methodsBlood, liver and mammary gland samples were obtained from healthy and fatty liver-affected bovines. The serum NEFA levels, oxidation and antioxidant enzyme systems and milk protein synthesis-related proteins expression were determined. In vitro, the bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) were pretreated with 25 mM betaine/10 mM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and then stimulated with NEFA.
resultsThe results indicated an elevation in serum NEFA levels accompanied by enhanced oxidative stress (OS) and reduced protein levels related to milk protein synthesis (phosphorylated (p)-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR)/mTOR, p-ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1)/S6K1, p-Janus kinase 2 (JAK2)/JAK2, p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5)/STAT5 and β-casein) in dairy cows with fatty liver. In vitro, the results revealed betaine decreased the hydrogen peroxide (H
conclusionsThese findings indicate that betaine reduces NEFA-induced OS and enhances milk protein synthesis, suggesting its potential as a nutritional intervention for enhancing milk protein content in dairy cows with metabolic disorders.
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