ArticleJournal of psychiatric and mental health nursing2026
Managing Emotion in Clinical Supervision Through Oller-Vallejo's Model of Ego States.
Article in Journal of psychiatric and mental health nursing, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
aimThis paper examines the value of Oller-Vallejo's (2001) ego state model as a framework for understanding emotional dynamics in mental health nursing clinical supervision, and its integration with Proctor's (1986) model of supervision.
backgroundMental health nursing is characterised by high emotional demand, relational complexity and exposure to psychological distress. Clinical supervision is increasingly recognised as essential for supporting emotional well-being, professional development and safe practice. However, there remains a need for more psychologically informed frameworks to better understand the emotional processes occurring within supervisory relationships.
methodThis paper adopts a conceptual, theory-informed approach, drawing on published literature relating to ego state theory and clinical supervision models. A narrative synthesis is used to explore how these frameworks can be integrated to enhance understanding of emotional processes in supervision. DISCUSSION: The ego state concepts of caregiving, caregetting and individuating are used to explore emotional roles and relational dynamics within supervision. These are considered alongside Proctor's (1986) restorative, formative and normative functions of supervision. The integration of these models provides a structured way to understand emotional containment, dependency, autonomy and professional development within supervisory relationships in mental health nursing.
conclusionThe paper proposes that combining ego state theory with established supervision models offers a psychologically informed framework for enhancing clinical supervision. This has implications for supporting emotional resilience, improving reflective practice and strengthening workforce well-being and sustainability in mental health nursing.
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