ArticleBMC medical imaging2026
Tract-based χ-separation imaging differentiates multiple sclerosis from neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder by mapping iron and myelin signatures.
Article in BMC medical imaging, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundMultiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) frequently present with overlapping clinical and radiological features, complicating differential diagnosis. Iron and myelin abnormalities are central to their pathophysiology, yet their distinct contributions in vivo remain poorly characterized. This study applied tract-based χ-separation imaging to evaluate susceptibility-related microstructural changes in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and lesions in MS and NMOSD, aiming to identify imaging patterns between these demyelinating diseases.
methodsEighty patients (48 MS, 32 AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD) and 39 healthy controls were included. Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) with χ-separation was performed on a 3D multi-echo gradient-echo sequence to obtain bulk susceptibility and to derive model-based positive susceptibility (χ
resultsThe three groups were similar in age and sex distribution. Mean disease duration was 4.12 ± 4.58 years in MS and 3.61 ± 4.26 years in NMOSD. Compared with NMOSD, MS showed reduced χ
conclusionsTract-based χ-separation sensitively captures susceptibility-related microstructural alterations and reveals distinct χ
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