Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42363648›Full record

ArticleJournal of internal medicine2026

Multicenter validation of a severity index model for predicting postoperative acute kidney injury.

Ji-Hoon Sim, Ah Ran Oh, Jaeyeon Chung, Jae-Woo Ju, Karam Nam, Seonok Kim, Bumwoo Park, Joung Uk Kim

Abstract readValidation StudyMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ji-Hoon SimDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7790-1961
Ah Ran OhDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8076-5104
Jaeyeon ChungDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7701-1996
Jae-Woo JuDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7971-0993
Karam NamDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7384-5325
Seonok KimDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9010-5460
Bumwoo ParkBig Data Research Center, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1651-364X
Joung Uk KimDepartment of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9631-9849

Funding

Asan Institute for Life Sciences, Asan Medical Center 2025IP0081Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI) HR21C0198National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) RS-2026-25497186
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundExisting models for predicting postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) after non-cardiac surgery are often complex and insufficiently validated for broad clinical use. We developed and externally validated a simple yet accurate model for predicting both overall and critical AKI that can be readily applied in routine practice.

methodsThe severity index model for AKI (SIM-AKI) was developed using data from 191,938 patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery at a tertiary hospital and externally validated using three independent datasets from other tertiary hospitals (n = 118,047; 86,092; 3727). Variables were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression with 10-fold cross-validation, and predictor stability was assessed using backward elimination across 100 bootstrap resamples before multinomial logistic regression modeling. Model performance was evaluated using the C-statistic for discrimination, calibration plots, Brier scores, and decision curve analysis (DCA) for clinical utility.

resultsThe SIM-AKI model incorporated age, sex, diabetes mellitus, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, cancer surgery, emergency status, major abdominal surgery, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, estimated glomerular filtration rate, intraoperative transfusion, and operation time. For overall AKI, C-statistics were 0.801 (95% CI 0.796-0.806) in development and 0.754, 0.742, and 0.759 in validation cohorts. For critical AKI, C-statistics were 0.838 (95% CI 0.826-0.850) in development and 0.796, 0.805, and 0.767 in validation cohorts, demonstrating good calibration and clinical benefit in DCA. The SIM-AKI compared favorably with existing AKI prediction models in discrimination.

conclusionSIM-AKI may serve as a reliable perioperative tool for predicting the risk of both overall and critical postoperative AKI in patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryPostoperative ComplicationsSeverity of Illness IndexAgedFemaleGlomerular Filtration RateHumansLogistic ModelsMaleMiddle AgedRisk AssessmentRisk Factorsacute kidney injurymodelnon‐cardiacpredictionsurgery

Identifiers

PMID42363648
PMCPMC13429003

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.