ArticlePersonality and mental health2026
Psychometric Properties of the Dutch Short Form of the Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory.
Article in Personality and mental health, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The Five-Factor Narcissism Inventory-Short Form (FFNI-SF) is specifically developed to assess narcissism at the two- (grandiose and vulnerable narcissism) and three-factor level (agentic extraversion, self-centered antagonism, and narcissistic neuroticism). To date, however, no psychometrically validated Dutch language version has been available in research or clinical settings. This study developed and validated the Dutch version of the 60-item FFNI-SF (FFNI-SF-NL), examining its reliability, factor structure, and convergent and discriminant validity following a preregistered analysis plan. A sample of 223 adult Dutch-speaking participants, comprising 80 patients with personality disorders or individuals receiving mental health care and 143 non-clinical participants, completed the FFNI-SF-NL. While strict confirmatory factor analysis showed poor model fit for the proposed two- and three-factor models, subsequent exploratory factor analysis and exploratory structural equation modeling supported a three-factor structure that closely replicated the modern trifurcated conceptualization of narcissism. The FFNI-SF-NL vulnerable and grandiose composites and agentic extraversion, self-centered antagonism, and narcissistic neuroticism factors demonstrated adequate to good reliability and strong external construct validity, with correlations between its dimensions and other narcissism measures, personality traits, and psychological distress aligning closely with theoretical expectations specified a priori. Clinical participants showed higher vulnerable narcissism and narcissistic neuroticism scores, whereas non-clinical participants showed higher grandiose narcissism and agentic extraversion scores, providing preliminary support for the clinical relevance of distinguishing FFNI-SF-NL narcissism dimensions. These results support the FFNI-SF-NL as a reliable and valid multidimensional measure capturing nuanced expressions of narcissistic traits in both clinical and non-clinical Dutch-speaking populations, facilitating future research and clinical practice.
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