ArticleBMC cardiovascular disorders2026
Association between hemoglobin A1c to HDL cholesterol ratio and hypertension in middle-aged and older Chinese adults: a cross-sectional study.
Article in BMC cardiovascular disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe hemoglobin A1c to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (HHR) is a novel composite index reflecting both chronic glycemic exposure and lipid metabolism. However, its association with hypertension remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the independent association between HHR and hypertension prevalence in middle-aged and older Chinese adults.
methodsThis cross-sectional study analyzed data from the 2011 and 2015 biomarker waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). Among 25,873 initially identified participants, 11,797 were ultimately included after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Multivariable logistic regression and restricted cubic spline analyses were conducted to assess the association between HHR and hypertension prevalence, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and metabolic confounding factors.
resultsHHR was positively associated with hypertension. In the fully adjusted model, each 0.1-unit increase in HHR was associated with higher odds of hypertension (OR = 1.02, 95% CI: 1.01-1.04). Participants in the high HHR group had significantly higher odds of hypertension than those in the low HHR group (OR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.24-1.54). Restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant nonlinear association between HHR and hypertension.
conclusionElevated HHR was associated with hypertension in a nonlinear pattern among middle-aged and older Chinese adults. Given the cross-sectional design, these findings should be interpreted as evidence of association rather than prediction or causality. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine whether HHR provides incremental value for hypertension risk assessment.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.