ArticleInternational orthopaedics2026
Assessment of orthopaedic surgery residents' skill progression using a non-immersive virtual reality hip arthroscopy simulator: A pilot prospective interventional study.
Article in International orthopaedics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
purposeHip arthroscopy is technically demanding, with complications concentrated among inexperienced surgeons and limited structured opportunities for pre-clinical skill acquisition. This pilot study quantified changes in objective simulator performance after a two-day non-immersive virtual reality training programme.
methods15 male orthopaedic residents (PGY1-PGY3) at a single academic centre, none with prior hip arthroscopy or simulator experience, completed a 12-min baseline assessment on the simulator, two days of training (one hour Fundamentals of Arthroscopic Surgical Training plus one hour hip-specific) using different cases, and an identical post-training assessment. Five simulator-derived metrics were analysed: targets attained, time per target, camera-tissue collisions, femoral head scratches, and probe steadiness. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with Bonferroni correction (α = 0.01) and effect sizes (r) were applied.
resultsAll 15 participants completed training. Significant improvement occurred across all five metrics with very large effect sizes (r = 0.88-0.89) surviving Bonferroni correction. Median targets attained increased from 1.0 to 4.0 (of 12; p < 0.001); time per target decreased 50% (n = 11; p = 0.003); collisions decreased 42% (p < 0.001); scratches decreased 50% (p < 0.001); probe steadiness increased from 9 to 37% (p < 0.001). Every participant improved on every paired metric.
conclusionA two-day non-immersive virtual reality training programme produced consistent improvement in simulator performance across efficiency, precision, and safety-related domains, with every participant improving. These findings support further evaluation of brief simulator-based training as an adjunct to early orthopaedic training, pending assessment of retention and operative transfer.
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