Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42362732›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2026

Development of pH-responsive gelatin/PVP nanogel by gamma radiation for controlled delivery of silibinin.

Zakaria Mohamed Alghzzawy, Mohammed Hussein Awwad, Tarek Khaled Elmaghraby, Sanaa Abd El-Hamid Hagag, Azza Elsayed Kayed, Mohamed Mohamady Ghobashy, Ahmed M Elbarbary, Doaa Sabry Ibrahim

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Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zakaria Mohamed AlghzzawyRadiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt. z.alghzzawy@gmail.com.ORCID 0000-0003-3760-2024
Mohammed Hussein AwwadZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.
Tarek Khaled ElmaghrabyRadiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Sanaa Abd El-Hamid HagagRadiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Azza Elsayed KayedRadiation Biology Research Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Mohamed Mohamady GhobashyPolymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt.
Ahmed M ElbarbaryPolymer Chemistry Department, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt. amelbarbary@yahoo.com.ORCID 0000-0001-5318-602X
Doaa Sabry IbrahimZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Egypt.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Silibinin (SB) is a natural polyphenolic flavonoid with recognized health and therapeutic potential. SB has poor aqueous solubility, which limits its bioavailability and therapeutic effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, a pH-responsive gelatin/polyvinylpyrrolidone (Gel/PVP) nanogel was synthesized via γ-irradiation (5 kGy) for controlled SB delivery. SB/PVP solid dispersions were first prepared by solvent evaporation to enhance dissolution, then incorporated into the preformed Gel/PVP nanogel in the presence of N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), yielding the SB/Gel/PVP formulation. FTIR confirmed effective crosslinking between gelatin and PVP and successful SB encapsulation, while XRD revealed an amorphous state favorable for solubility. TEM micrograph of SB/Gel/PVP showed cubic nanoparticles < 50 nm, with a zero-point charge at pH 5.5. The nanogel achieved SB entrapment efficiency of 82% and a loading capacity of 3.34%. In vitro release studies demonstrated pH-responsive behavior, with SB release threefold higher than free drug after 6 h, and the highest release was observed at pH 4.5. The MTT assay confirmed that the SB/Gel/PVP nanogel significantly inhibited HepG2 cell proliferation compared with free SB (P < 0.05). Moreover, the biochemical and histopathological analyses of liver and kidney tissues in rats treated with SB or SB/Gel/PVP (25 mg/kg) indicated good biocompatibility. Collectively, these findings highlight Gel/PVP nanogels as a promising platform for sustained and targeted SB delivery in pharmaceutical applications.

Indexed as

Gamma RaysGelatinPovidoneSilybinAnimalsCell ProliferationDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug Delivery SystemsDrug LiberationHep G2 CellsHumansHydrogen-Ion ConcentrationMaleNanogelsPolyethylene GlycolsPolyethyleneimineDelayed-Action PreparationsGelatinNanogelspolyethylene glycol polyethyleneimine nanogelPolyethylene GlycolsPolyethyleneiminePovidoneSilybinControlled releaseGamma-radiationGelatinHepG2 cellsNanogelPolyvinylpyrrolidoneSilibinin

Identifiers

PMID42362732
PMCPMC13309560

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.