Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42362566›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Multiple human transgenes prolong survival of triple-carbohydrate knockout porcine kidney xenografts in nonhuman primates.

Ahmad Karadagi, Takayuki Hirose, Grace Lassiter, Ivy Rosales, David Ma, Toshihide Tomosugi, Ryo Otsuka, Ranjith P Anand, Jacob V Layer, Jia-Yun Chen and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Ahmad Karadagi *Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-938X
Takayuki Hirose *Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Grace Lassiter *Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ivy RosalesCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0621-3202
David MaCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Toshihide TomosugiCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Ryo OtsukaCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3730-9867
Ranjith P AnandeGenesis Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jacob V LayereGenesis Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Jia-Yun ChenDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Sandro SantagataDepartment of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Michael CurtiseGenesis Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Susan LoweGenesis Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Wenning QineGenesis Inc, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Robert B ColvinCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Tatsuo KawaiCenter for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. tkawai@mgh.harvard.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6900-4603

Funding

Revolutionizing Renal Histopathology: Integrating Multiplexed Immunofluorescence and ML/AI Image-Based Biomarkers for Precision Diagnosis and Patient StratificationR21DK143419 · NIDDK · HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL · PI SANTAGATA, SANDRO · 2025 to 2025
$465k
NIDDK NIH HHS R21 DK143419
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Genetically modified pigs are being developed to address the critical shortage of human organs for transplantation. Although porcine xenografts lacking the three major carbohydrate xenoantigens (3KO) have been considered ideal for human transplantation, the optimal combination of human transgenes (HTGs) to mitigate protein incompatibility remains undefined. In the current study, we evaluate immune responses and transplant outcomes of 3KO kidney xenografts with four different combinations of HTGs in a nonhuman primate model. Here, we show that the addition of HTGs significantly reduces transcripts associated with early immune activation, resulting in markedly prolonged survival of 3KO xenografts. Notably, the inclusion of the anti-inflammatory genes TNFAIP3 and HMOX1 is associated with improved graft survival, significantly reduced T-cell and CD11b⁺ myeloid cell infiltration, and lower expression of rejection-related gene sets in protocol xenograft biopsies.

Indexed as

CarbohydratesGraft SurvivalKidney TransplantationTransgenesAnimalsAnimals, Genetically ModifiedFemaleGraft RejectionHeterograftsHumansKidneySwineTransplantation, HeterologousCarbohydrates

Identifiers

PMID42362566
PMCPMC13454611

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.