Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42362539›Full record

ArticleNature communications2026

Low-dimensional and optimised representations of high-level information in the expert brain.

Andrea I Costantino, Artem Platonov, Felipe Fontana Vieira, Emily Van Hove, Merim Bilalić, Hans Op de Beeck

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Andrea I CostantinoDepartment of Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium. andreaivan.costantino@kuleuven.be.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8481-3142
Artem PlatonovDepartment of Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0705-5528
Felipe Fontana VieiraDepartment of Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Emily Van HoveDepartment of Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Merim BilalićSchool of Psychology, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
Hans Op de BeeckDepartment of Brain and Cognition, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2250-212X

Funding

Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (Research Foundation Flanders) G0D3322N
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

What transforms a novice into an expert? Decades of research show that expertise relies on domain-specific knowledge, but a neural account of this transformation has remained fragmentary: we lack an understanding of what information expert representations encode, how they are structured for efficient use, and where in the brain they reside. Using chess as a model system, we combine neuroimaging with multivariate pattern analysis to reveal three principles of the expert brain. Expertise drives a shift in representational content, from surface visual features to high-level, relational information. It is accompanied by a structural change to low-dimensional, optimised representation: codes become more compact and better organised, yet retain the detail needed for precise evaluation. Finally, the representational load shifts from sensory-specific cortices to domain-general frontoparietal networks. The expert brain packs more into less, concentrating richer knowledge into fewer, better-organised representations that support the rapid, flexible decisions of mastery.

Indexed as

BrainBrain MappingHumansMagnetic Resonance ImagingModels, NeurologicalNeuroimaging

Identifiers

PMID42362539
PMCPMC13454291

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.