ArticleLight, science & applications2026
Operando tracking of ion kinetics and state-of-charge via multiresonant fiber-optic grating sensors in sodium-ion batteries.
Article in Light, science & applications, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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11 authors.
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Abstract
Ion transport within the sub-micron diffusion layer at the electrode-electrolyte interface governs battery function, yet probing its rapid, confined dynamics under operating conditions remains a challenge. Here, we introduce a compact, highly sensitive multiresonant fiber-optic grating sensor that monitors these processes operando in sodium-ion batteries without interfering with their operation. Using this approach, we reveal an intermediate stage of ion transport between adsorption and diffusion at the interface. We find that a shorter duration of this intermediate stage correlates with superior fast-charging performance. Furthermore, by integrating the sensor's optical intensity in real time, we achieve state-of-charge quantification with unprecedented accuracy (>98%). This operando measurement platform offers a new capability for battery diagnostics and can inform the design of next-generation batteries with enhanced electrochemical properties.
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