ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2026
Long-term disability outcomes in Hansen's disease: A 20-year comparative study of Lepromatous vs. Tuberculoid Leprosy.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundLeprosy remains an important cause of disability, even in non-endemic settings. Risk of neuropathy and functional impairment differs across the disease spectrum, yet contemporary U.S. data are limited.
objectiveTo compare disability-related outcomes among patients with lepromatous versus tuberculoid leprosy in a large U.S. electronic health record (EHR) network.
methodsUsing the TriNetX U.S. Collaborative Research Network (2005-2025), patients with lepromatous (ICD-10-CM A30.4-A30.5) and tuberculoid (A30.1-A30.2) leprosy were identified. Disability-related outcomes were defined using ICD-10-CM and CPT codes. Patients with prior disability were excluded to assess incident events. Cohorts were propensity score-matched (1:1) on demographics and comorbidities. Odds ratios (OR) and hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated.
resultsA total of 341 lepromatous and 129 tuberculoid patients were identified (median follow-up 1,138 vs 1,021 days). Lepromatous leprosy was associated with higher risk of incident disability-related outcomes (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.16-3.07). Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated lower outcome-free survival in the lepromatous cohort (HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.15-2.71).
conclusionsIn this U.S.-based cohort, lepromatous leprosy was associated with greater disability-related morbidity compared to tuberculoid leprosy. However, meaningful risk was observed across both subtypes, supporting structured longitudinal follow-up for all patients.
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