ReviewMolecular biomedicine2026
Multidrug resistance in cancer: current understandings and future perspective.
Review in Molecular biomedicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- PEGylated PLGA Nanoformulations For Effective Immunomodulatory Actors In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains the core clinical barrier limiting the achievement of durable and effective treatment for various tumors. With the deepening of understanding, MDR has been redefined from the traditional, static "drug efflux" model to a systemically adaptive survival strategy driven by highly heterogeneous tumor populations under therapeutic pressure, characterized by dynamic evolution. This complex phenotype arises from the deep intertwining and synergistic action of multi-layered survival networks. Herein, this review systematically delineates the evolution and multidimensional remodeling of the underlying mechanisms of MDR. We comprehensively outline the cell-intrinsic, autonomous resistance mechanisms of tumor cells, including intracellular drug redistribution and evasion of non-apoptotic cell death pathways. Concurrently, we summarize the tumor microenvironment (TME)-mediated, non-autonomous resistance mechanisms, such as physical barriers formed by stromal cells, intercellular communication networks, and the establishment of a profoundly immunosuppressive microenvironment. Building on this foundation, the review critically assesses the current drug resistance dilemmas faced by various therapeutic modalities and refractory cancer types. It focuses on discussing novel, precision reversal strategies targeting MDR, including nanotechnology-based delivery systems, single-cell and spatial omics analysis, and artificial intelligence (AI) large model-driven predictive and interventional systems. Furthermore, this review explores the underlying reasons for the repeated clinical failures of traditional single-target interventions. It outlines a direction for future translational research: a paradigm shift from "singular target killing" to "multidimensional ecological remodeling," advancing towards a closed-loop, personalized precision therapy framework based on dynamic monitoring and multi-target synergistic intervention.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.