Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42360347›Full record

ArticleAbdominal radiology (New York)2026

What is the risk of HCC in hypervascular LI-RADS 3 observations without ancillary features in routine clinical practice?

Diana Kadi, Danielle E Kruse, Nicole Abedrabbo, Samantha Morrison, Alaattin Erkanli, Andreu F Costa, Matthew D F McInnes, Christian B van der Pol, Mustafa R Bashir

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Article in Abdominal radiology (New York), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Diana KadiDepartment of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, USA. diana.kadi@duke.edu.
Danielle E KruseDepartment of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, USA.
Nicole AbedrabboSchool of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, USA.
Samantha MorrisonDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA.
Alaattin ErkanliDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, USA.
Andreu F CostaDepartment of Radiology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Sciences Centre, Halifax, Canada.
Matthew D F McInnesDepartment of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
Christian B van der PolJuravinski Hospital and Cancer Centre, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada.
Mustafa R BashirDepartment of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, USA. mustafa.bashir@duke.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) categorizes liver observations based on their risk for HCC, with LI-RADS 3 observations (LR-3s) having an intermediate probability. Studies have shown that approximately one-third of LR-3 observations develop into hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), however, this is not observed in clinical practice. This study aimed to assess the HCC rate for hypervascular LR-3s.

methodsWe retrospectively identified consecutive MRI reports from 2013 to 2018 with hypervascular LR-3s in our institutional cohort. Observations with arterial phase hyperenhancement, no additional major/ancillary features, and < 2 cm in size were included. Development of HCC was determined based on a composite reference standard similar to published meta-analysis.

results129 patients (mean age 60+/-11 years, 69 [53.5%] male) with 166 LR-3s observations were included. Ten (6.5%, 95% CI [2.2-10.7%]) observations developed into HCC based on change in category to LR-5 and growth in a median of 360 days (range 90-947) after index MRI. HCC rate for LR-3 was 3.0% at 1 year (95% CI [0-6.1%]).

conclusionWe observed a lower rate of HCC development in small hypervascular LR-3s without any additional major/ancillary features at 1 year compared to the entire LR-3 population reported in literature.

Indexed as

HCChypervascular observationLR-3

Identifiers

PMID42360347

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