Energy-dependent cortical injury thresholds in high-frequency transcortical electrical stimulation: a biophysical study in a rat model.

Ridzky Firmansyah Hardian, Kunihiko Kodama, Kohei Kanaya, Tetsuya Goto, Kazuhiro Hongo, Tetsuyoshi Horiuchi

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Article in Experimental brain research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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6 authors.

Ridzky Firmansyah Hardian *Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Kunihiko Kodama *Department of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Kohei KanayaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan. kanaya@shinshu-u.ac.jp.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9667-9828

Tetsuya GotoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Kazuhiro HongoDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Tetsuyoshi HoriuchiDepartment of Neurosurgery, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The biophysical determinants of cortical tissue injury during brief, high-frequency transcortical electrical stimulation remain incompletely understood. Traditional safety criteria derived from chronic, low-frequency paradigms emphasize total charge, but whether charge or stimulation energy is the primary predictor of injury under high-frequency conditions-such as those used for intraoperative motor evoked potential (MEP) monitoring-is unclear. Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley rats (8 groups of 4) received monophasic anodal transcortical pulse trains with varying current, pulse duration, repetition number, and interstimulation interval. Maximum cortical lesion depth was measured histologically, and the contributions of total charge (Q = I × t) and relative stimulation energy (W ∝ I

Indexed as

Biophysical PhenomenaBrain InjuriesCerebral CortexElectric StimulationEvoked Potentials, MotorAnimalsBiophysicsDisease Models, AnimalMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyBiophysicsCortical lesion depthRat modelResistive heatingTranscortical stimulation

Identifiers

PMID42360338

DOI10.1007/s00221-026-07347-1

PMCPMC13309386

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.