ArticleAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association2026
Facial feature removal in magnetic resonance imaging scans of adults with Down syndrome: A de-facing methodological study.
Jason K Russell, Michael S Rafii, Walter K Kremers, Scott A Przybelski, Prashanthi Vemuri, Ronald C Petersen, Jonathan Graff-Radford, Clifford R Jack, Christopher G Schwarz
Abstract read
In one paragraphArticle in Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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5 · Who and what moneyAuthors and funding
9 authors.
Michael S RafiiAlzheimer's Therapeutic Research Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, San Diego, California, USA.
Walter K KremersDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Scott A PrzybelskiDepartment of Quantitative Health Sciences, Division of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Prashanthi VemuriDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Ronald C PetersenDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Jonathan Graff-RadfordDepartment of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Clifford R JackDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Christopher G SchwarzDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
Funding
SUPPLEMENT TO ALZHEIMERS DISEASE PATIENT REGISTRYU01AG006786 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI GRAFF-RADFORD, JONATHAN, JACK, CLIFFORD R. · 1986 to 2023
$49.6MTHE PGRN/TDP-43 AXIS IN ALZHEIMER?S DISEASE AND NEURODEGENERATIONP50AG016574 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI PETERSEN, RONALD C · 1999 to 2018
$36.9MLongitudinal Imaging Biomarkers of Prodromal DLBU01NS100620 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI Bradley F Boeve, KEJAL KANTARCI · 2017 to 2026
$19.2MRochester Epidemiology ProjectR01AG034676 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI ROCCA, WALTER A, ST SAUVER, JENNIFER LYNN · 2010 to 2019
$9.5MInvestigating Resistance and Resilience Mechanisms in Alzheimer’s DiseaseR01AG056366 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI PRASHANTHI VEMURI · 2017 to 2026
$7.0MDisease pathways in the population determined by amyloid, tau, and neurodegeneration imaging biomarkersR37AG011378 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI CLIFFORD R. JACK · 2018 to 2026
$6.8MValidating the New Criteria for Preclinical Alzheimer's diseaseR01AG041851 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI JACK, CLIFFORD R., KNOPMAN, DAVID S · 2012 to 2021
$6.3MProtecting the Confidentiality of Participants in Studies of Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias by Replacing Face Imagery in MRIR01AG068206 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI SCHWARZ, CHRISTOPHER GEORGE · 2021 to 2024
$3.2MDevelopment, Validation, and Application of an Imaging based CVD ScaleR01NS097495 · NINDS · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI VEMURI, PRASHANTHI · 2016 to 2020
$2.9MInterdisciplinary Infrastructure for Aging Research: Rochester Epidemiology ProjectR33AG058738 · NIA · MAYO CLINIC ROCHESTER · PI LEBRASSEUR, NATHAN K, OLSON, JANET E · 2020 to 2022
$2.4MAlexander Family Alzheimer's Disease Research Professorship of the Mayo ClinicElsie and Marvin Dekelboum Family FoundationGHR FoundationListon AwardMayo Foundation for Medical Education and ResearchNIA NIH HHS P50AG016574NIA NIH HHS R01AG034676NIA NIH HHS R01AG041851NIA NIH HHS R01AG056366NIA NIH HHS R01 AG068206NIA NIH HHS R01AG068206NIA NIH HHS R33 AG058738NIA NIH HHS R33 AG066543-05NIA NIH HHS R37AG011378NIA NIH HHS U01AG006786NINDS NIH HHS R01NS097495NINDS NIH HHS U01 NS100620Schuler Foundation
6 · The paper itselfAbstract
introductionFace identification algorithms have increased the risk of study participants being identified through different neuroimaging modalities. De-facing algorithms can de-identify neuroimages; however, none are validated in individuals with Down syndrome (DS) - a population at high risk of Alzheimer's disease and the focus of numerous Alzheimer's disease cohort studies.
methodsOverall, 37 adults with DS were parcellated using FreeSurfer before and after de-facing with mri_reface. A group of neurotypically developed individuals balanced on age, sex, and magnetic resonance imaging scanner manufacturer served as controls.
resultsDe-facing produced no effect on cortical thickness or volumetrics in adults with DS compared to controls or regional discrimination based on an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis after correcting for multiple comparisons. DISCUSSION: FreeSurfer-derived volumetric and cortical thickness measures changed minimally following de-facing with mri_reface in adults with DS and are unlikely to influence study outcomes. De-facing should be considered prior to data sharing in studies of adults with DS.
Indexed as
BrainDown SyndromeFaceMagnetic Resonance ImagingAdultAlgorithmsFemaleHumansImage Processing, Computer-AssistedMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adultde‐facingde‐identificationDown syndromemagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)mri_refaceneuroimaging
Identifiers
PMID42360128
PMCPMC13307342
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