Neutrophil extracellular traps in thrombosis of hematologic malignancies: Underlying mechanisms and therapeutic opportunities (Review).

Patients with cancer, particularly those diagnosed with hematological malignancies, exhibit thrombus incidence rates that exceed those observed in the general population by a substantial margin, and this elevated risk is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are web‑like structures released by neutrophils as part of their innate immune repertoire, drive coagulation and vascular occlusion by supplying a physical scaffold, recruiting procoagulant factors, and cleaving tissue factor pathway inhibitors. In hematological malignancies, emerging evidence points to NET overproduction and dysregulation as key drivers of thrombosis, representing a previously underappreciated mechanistic axis. The present review focuses on the molecular mechanisms by which NETs promote thrombosis, specifically on thrombosis associated with hematological malignancies (such as myeloproliferative neoplasm, acute myeloid leukemia, Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia), and also explores the clinical translation potential of NET‑related therapies. The present study offers a potential basis for refining current approaches to coagulation risk reduction in patients with hematological malignancies.