ArticleFrontiers in surgery2026
Long-term results after surgical resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma before and since the BILCAP era.
Article in Frontiers in surgery, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Since the first data of the BILCAP trial was presented in 2017, capecitabine became standard adjuvant treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). For ICC, the efficacy of capecitabine on survival outcomes remains unresolved as the BILCAP trial included all entities of biliary tract cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of adjuvant therapy with capecitabine on long-term outcome in a large German single-center cohort. Methods: All patients who underwent surgical resection of ICC between January 2008 and December 2023 were divided into a pre-BILCAP (2008-2017) and a post-BILCAP group (2018-2023). For further homogenization both groups underwent a propensity score matching (PSM) in a 1:1 fashion. Survival analysis was conducted using Kaplan Meier model. Results: In total 334 patients were included, 254 (76%) underwent resection while 80 (24%) were irresectable. After PSM two comparable groups of 75 patients were generated. Median overall survival was 20.5 months for the pre- and 29.1 months for the post-BILCAP group ( Conclusion: Although there was a trend to longer survival, we could not demonstrate a significant effect of adjuvant therapy with capecitabine on an intention to treat basis after resection of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Nevertheless, a significant influence on time to recurrence and recurrence-free survival could be demonstrated. Further observation is necessary to detect the potential benefit of decreased RFS/TTR in the future.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.